As Muslims in the U.S. observe Ramadan,new study explores their religious-based philanthropic views,practices Muslim Americans gave $1.8 billion in zakat funding to domestic and international causes in 2021,according to a new report released today by the Muslim Philanthropy Initiative at the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy at IUPUI. The average Muslim American household donated $2,070 of zakat funds to charity,the study finds. Zakat,the third of five pillars of Islam,is an obligatory act of giving. While there is no prescribed time for zakat or sadaqa,many American Muslims fulfill charitable obligations during Ramadan,when charity is emphasized. This year,Ramadan is being observed April 2 through May 1.